While the debate over clinical versus research training had already existed for decades, in 1973 the American Psychology Association had a meeting in Vail, Colorado in which it was concluded that the goals of a student's doctoral training should be reflected in their final awarded degree.
If the student's training was largely focused on preparing them for clinical practice, they would be awarded the Doctorate of Psychology (PsyD). Those that focused on research would be awarded a Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD).
However, it's incredibly important to remember that students don't always know where their life or their careers will take them. So as a result, a PsyD may end up loving research and gear their career towards that. Likewise, a PhD may end up loving clinical work.
A Doctorate of Psychology typically takes 4-6 years to earn, after completion of all college prerequisites. After completing their doctorate, many states require additional clinical supervision before a person is able to practice independently.
In California, to become a licensed psychologist who can see patients, one must:
Complete a qualifying doctoral degree in psychology
Register as a psychologist in California, to gain access to supervision hours
Complete 3000 hours of supervision, at least 1500 of which are earned post-doctorally
Pass The Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology
Complete both a Department of Justice (DOJ) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) criminal history background check
Pass the California Psychology Law and Ethics Examination
Obtain a California license to practice psychology
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